PROPOLIS REDUCES BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION AND INSTESTINAL VILLUS ATROPHY IN EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE

Mehmet Zafer Sabuncuoglu, Kemal Kismet, Sibel Serin Kilicoglu, Bulent Kilicoglu, Serap Erel, Sabahattin Muratoglu, Asli Elif Sunay, Esra Erdemli, and Mehmet Ali Akkus

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the effects of propolis on bacterial translocation and ultrastructure of intestinal morphology in experimental obstructive jaundice.

METHODS: Thirty Wistar-Albino male rats were randomly divided into three groups, each including 10 animals: groupI, sham-operated; group II, ligation and division of the common bile duct (BDL); group III, BDL followed by oral supplementation of propolis 100 mg/kg per day. Liver, blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileal samples were taken for microbiological, light and transmission electron microscopic examination on postoperative 7th d after sacrification.

RESULTS: The mean number of villi per centimeter and mean mucosal height of the propolis group were significantly different in the BDL group (P = 0.001 and 0.012, respectively). The electron microscopic changes were also different between these groups. Sham and BDL + propolis groups had similar incidence of bacterial translocation (BT). The BDL group had significantly higher rates of BT as compared with sham and BDL + propolis groups. BT was predominantly detected in MLNs and the most commonly isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli.

CONCLUSION: Propolis showed a significant protective effect on ileal mucosa and reduced bacterial translocation in the experimental obstructive jaundice model. Further studies should be carried out to explain the mechanisms of these effects.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4171304/

THE EFFECTS OF JUICE PROCESSING ON BLACK MULBERRY ANTIOXIDANTS

Prof. Dr. Dilek Boyacıoğlu, Tomas M, Toydemir G, Hall R, Beekwilder J, Capanoglu E.

Abstract:

Black mulberry fruit is processed to juice at significant scale in Turkey. The effect of industrial-scale juice production on black mulberry antioxidants was evaluated using samples collected from the main steps of processing; including the selection of fruits, washing, mechanical milling, mashing, cold pressing, pasteurization, and filling-packing. Two major anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside), two phenolic acids (3- and caffeoylquinic acid) and 3 flavonols (rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, and quercetin-malonyl-glucoside) were identified using LC-QTOF-MS and were quantified using HPLC. Approximately, 60-70% of the fruit anthocyanins were retained in the final juice, which also contained high levels of caffeoylquinic acids, relative to the fruit. Mashing and pressing were the steps which were effective for the recovery of fruit polyphenolics into the juice fraction. Moreover, an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model, applied to determine the effect of processing on the bioavailability of mulberry antioxidants, indicated a higher anthocyanin bioavailability for the fruit matrix than for the juice matrix.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25976822

EFFECT OF ON BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION AND INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY IN OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE

Cem Gencay, Sibel Serin Kilicoglu, Kemal Kismet, Bulent Kilicoglu, Serap Erel, Sabahattin Muratoglu, Asli Elif Sunay, Esra Erdemli, and Mehmet Ali Akkus

Abstract:

AIM: To evaluate the effects of honey on bacterial translocation and intestinal villus histopathology in experimental obstructive jaundice.

METHODS: Thirty Wistar-Albino rats were randomly divided into three groups each including 10 animals: group I, sham-operated; group II, ligation and section of the common bile duct (BDL); group III, bile duct ligation followed by oral supplementation of honey (BDL + honey) 10 g/kg per day. Liver, blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileal samples were taken for microbiological, light and transmission electrone microscopic examination.

RESULTS: Although the number of villi per centimeter and the height of the mucosa were higher in sham group, there was no statistically significant difference between sham and BDL + honey groups (P > 0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between BDL group and other groups (P < 0.05). The electron microscopic changes were also different between these groups. Sham and honey groups had similar incidence of bacterial translocation (P > 0.05). BDL group had significantly higher rates of bacterial translocation as compared with sham and honey groups. Bacterial translocation was predominantly detected in mesenteric lymph nodes.

CONCLUSION: Supplementation of honey in presence of obstructive jaundice ameliorates bacterial translocation and improves ileal morphology.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716596/

EFFECT OF HONEY ON INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY, INTRAABDOMINAL ADHESIONS AND ANASTOMOTIC HEALING

Avni Gollu, Kemal Kismet, Bulent Kilicoglu, Serap Erel, Mehmet Alpaslan Gonultas, Aslı Elif Sunay, Mehmet Ali Akkus

Abstract:

In the present study, attempts have been made to determine the effects of honey on intestinal morphology, postoperative adhesions, and the healing of colonic anastomoses in the rats after colonic resection and anastomosis. Thirty‐six rats were randomly divided into three groups each including 12 animals. Colonic resection and anastomosis were performed on all animals. Rats were fed with standard rat chow in group I, standard rat chow plus 10 g/kg/day honey in group II and artificial honey including the same caloric amount with honey in group III. Adhesion scores, bursting pressures and histopathological examinations were evaluated. Colonic bursting pressures of honey group were significantly better than control and artificial honey groups. Histological analysis of anastomotic site showed that submucosa and muscularis propria were nearly filled with granulation tissue and regular fibrin matrix in honey group. There was statistically significant difference between the adhesion scores of honey vs artificial honey and control groups. The scores of histological changes of ileum in honey group were significantly different from other groups. These results indicate a protective role of honey against intraabdominal adhesions and anastomotic dehiscence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.2457

BALDA ORİJİN TESPİTİ

Dilek Boyacıoğlu, Aslı Elif Sunay

Bu çalışmada özellikle yöreye göre isimlendirilen ve İç Anadolu ve Doğu Anadolu bölgelerinde üretilen karışık çiçek ballarının, coğrafi orijinlerinin deneysel yöntemlerle tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Balda orijin belirlenmesinde, balın polen yapısı, amino asit oranları, aroma bileşikleri, karbonhidrat yapıları, enzim aktiviteleri, flavonoidleri, mineral içeriği, organik asitleri, fenolik bileşikleri, karbon izotop oranları gibi çeşitli faktörlerin etken olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dünya üzerinde yapılan araştırmalarda mono-flora balların menşei belirlenmesinde, bu faktörlerin etkili bir şekilde kullanılabildiği ancak ülkemizin Orta ve Doğu Anadolu bölgelerinde üretilen karışık çiçek balları gibi poliflora ballarda tek bir faktörün yeterli olmadığı ve net bir ayrım sağlanamadığı sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ülkemizde de, dünyada da balın fiyatının belirlenmesindeki en önemli faktörlerden biri , balın menşeidir. Dolayısıyla, balda orijin tespiti, ülkemiz arıcılık sektörü açısından önemli bir gelir kaynağı olan bal ihracatında da çok büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar, poliflora balların menşei tespitinde balın pek çok özelliğinin bir arada incelenmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmada balın diastaz, iletkenlik, asit, nem, şeker yapısı ve amino asit oranları analiz edilerek, bu faktörlerin hepsi bir arada değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca 7 uzman panelistten oluşan tanımlayıcı bir duyusal panel de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler istatistik yöntemlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile, bilim dünyasına, bal alım satımı ile ilgilenen bal tüccarlarına, bal paketleme fabrikalarına ve ihracatçılarına, arıcılık ve bal konusunda çalışan kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarına ve tüketici bilgilendirme çalışmalarına bir katkı sağlanabilecektir. Ayrıca giderek artan ve karmaşık bir hale gelen uluslar arası bal ticaretinde, farklı kalitede balların menşeinin tespit edilerek ayırt edilebilmesi ve bu sayede haksız rekabetin de önüne geçilmesi öngörülmektedir.

Source: https://polen.itu.edu.tr/handle/11527/2201

COMPARISON OF FOUR THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXINS IN RAISINS.

Prof. Dr. Dilek Boyacıoğlu

Abstract:

A study was conducted to determine the accuracy and precision of 3 AOAC methods, secs 26.026-26.031 (CB), secs 26.032-26.036 (BF), and secs 26.052-26.060 (cottonseed), and the Romer quantitative method for the thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in raisins. The samples were spiked at a level of 10 micrograms total aflatoxins/kg. The TLC development systems were: ether-methanol-water (94 + 4.5 + 1.5) and chloroform-acetone (9 + 1). The interaction between the 4 methods and the 2 development systems was also studied. The average recoveries were 88, 80, 75, and 93% with coefficients of variation of 14.0, 10.4, 14.0, and 9.6% for aflatoxin B1 using the CB, BF, cottonseed, and Romer methods, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no difference in the results obtained using the 2 TLC development systems.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3133349

THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL RESEARCH OF LIVER IN EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE AND EFFECT OF HONEY

Bulent Kılıcoglu, Cem Gencay, Kemal Kısmet, Sibel Serin Kılıcoglu, Imge Erguder, Serap Erel, Asli Elif Sunay, Esra Erdemli, Ilker Durak, Mehmet Ali Akkus

Method
Thirty rats were divided into 3 groups: group I, sham-operated; group II, ligation and division of the common bile duct (BDL); group III, BDL followed by oral supplementation of honey 10 g/kg/d. Liver samples were examined under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Hepatocyte apoptosis was quantitated using the terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Plasma and blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutation activities were measured for determining the oxidative stress.

Results
The liver levels of MDA and GSH were significantly different between the honey and BDL groups (P = .006 and .001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the plasma MDA and GSH levels of these groups (P > .05). In group III, significant reductions in the size of enlarged hepatocytes and the edema were demonstrated. The dilatation of the bile canaliculi dramatically turned to original dimention. By TUNEL assay, it was shown that administration of honey decreased the number of apoptotic cells.

Conclusions
In the present study, we found that honey diminished the negative effects of BDL on the hepatic ultrastructure. We conclude that this effect might be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002961007009075

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE DIFFERENT METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXINS IN TAHINI

Prof. Dr. Dilek Boyacıoğlu, Nilüfer D.

Abstract:

Aflatoxins spiked at three different levels (6.5, 13.0, and 19.5 microg/kg) in tahini, a sesame butter, were analyzed by using three different methods: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fluorometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An immunoaffinity column was used for cleanup and purification of extracts prior to detection by HPLC and fluorometry. All methods were statistically evaluated for accuracy, precision, and simple correlations. Additionally, 14 tahini samples randomly obtained from Turkish retail markets were analyzed using an immunoaffinity column cleanup procedure coupled with the HPLC detection method. The fluorometric determination method involving an immunoaffinity column cleanup step was found to be highly correlated with the HPLC method (r = 0.978). Both methods were found to be effective due to their high recoveries and low variance for the prediction of total aflatoxin contamination in tahini samples. The ELISA method, due to its high variation in replicates, was found to be applicable only as a screening method. The survey study demonstrated the need for control of aflatoxin contamination of foodstuffs involving sesame seeds as an ingredient.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12033798

SURVEY OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF DRIED FIGS GROWN IN TURKEY IN 1986

Prof. Dr. Dilek Boyacıoğlu, Gönül M.

Abstract:

A total of 284 dried fig samples, collected from fields during drying, and from warehouse and processing units in the Aegean region of Turkey in 1986, were examined for aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxin B1, B2, and G1 were detected in 4, 2, and 2% of the samples, respectively, which were of the lower grade of figs taken from the drying stage. The average alfatoxin levels in positive samples were estimated to be 112.3 (B1), 50.6 (B2), and 61.4 ng/g (G1). The samples collected from storage (64 samples) and processing units (14 samples) contained no aflatoxins. The results of this survey show that aflatoxin contamination of Turkish dried figs in 1986 was highly correlated with the poorer grade of fig.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2113011

HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF PROPOLIS RESEARCH IN MODERN TIMES

Andrzej K. Kuropatnicki, Ewelina Szliszka, Wojciech Krol

Abstract:

Propolis (bee glue) has been known for centuries. The ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians were aware of the healing properties of propolis and made extensive use of it as a medicine. In the middle ages propolis was not a very popular topic and its use in mainstream medicine disappeared. However, the knowledge of medicinal properties of propolis survived in traditional folk medicine. The interest in propolis returned in Europe together with the renaissance theory of ad fontes. It has only been in the last century that scientists have been able to prove that propolis is as active and important as our forefathers thought. Research on chemical composition of propolis started at the beginning of the twentieth century and was continued after WW II. Advances in chromatographic analytical methods enabled separation and extraction of several components from propolis. At least 180 different compounds have been identified so far. Its antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anesthetic, and healing properties have been confirmed. Propolis has been effectively used in treatment of dermatological, laryngological, and gynecological problems, neurodegenerative diseases, in wound healing, and in treatment of burns and ulcers. However, it requires further research that may lead to new discoveries of its composition and possible applications.

Source: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/964149/

PROPOLİS: A WONDER BEES PRODUCT AND ITS PHARMACOLOGİCAL POTENTİALS

Vijay D. Wagh
Abstract:

Propolis is a natural resinous mixture produced by honey bees from substances collected from parts of plants, buds, and exudates. Due to its waxy nature and mechanical properties, bees use propolis in the construction and repair of their hives for sealing openings and cracks and smoothing out the internal walls and as a protective barrier against external invaders like snakes, lizards, and so forth, or against weathering threats like wind and rain. Bees gather propolis from different plants, in the temperate climate zone mainly from poplar. Current antimicrobial applications of propolis include formulations for cold syndrome (upper respiratory tract infections, common cold, and flu-like infections), wound healing, treatment of burns, acne, herpes simplex and genitalis, and neurodermatitis. Worldwide propolis has a tremendous popularity, but in India the studies over propolis have just started, not extensively reported except few regions of India like Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Gujrat, and Madhya Pradesh.

source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872021/

REVISITING GREEK PROPOLIS: CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY STUDY

Konstantinos M. Kasiotis, Pelagia Anastasiadou, Antonis Papadopoulos, Kyriaki Machera

Abstract:

Propolis is a bee product that has been extensively used in alternative medicine and recently has gained interest on a global scale as an essential ingredient of healthy foods and cosmetics. Propolis is also considered to improve human health and to prevent diseases such as inflammation, heart disease, diabetes and even cancer. However, the claimed effects are anticipated to be correlated to its chemical composition. Since propolis is a natural product, its composition is consequently expected to be variable depending on the local flora alignment. In this work, we present the development of a novel HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS targeted method, used to identify and quantify 59 phenolic compounds in Greek propolis hydroalcoholic extracts. Amongst them, nine phenolic compounds are herein reported for the first time in Greek propolis. Alongside GC-MS complementary analysis was employed, unveiling eight additional newly reported compounds. The antioxidant activity study of the propolis samples verified the potential of these extracts to effectively scavenge radicals, with the extract of Imathia region exhibiting comparable antioxidant activity to that of quercetin.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5245904/

PROPOLIS COUNTERACTS SOME THREATS TO HONEY BEE HEALTH

Michael Simone-Finstrom, Renata S. Borba, Michael Wilson, Marla Spivak

Abstract:

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are constantly dealing with threats from pathogens, pests, pesticides and poor nutrition. It is critically important to understand how honey bees’ natural immune responses (individual immunity) and collective behavioral defenses (social immunity) can improve bee health and productivity. One form of social immunity in honey bee colonies is the collection of antimicrobial plant resins and their use in the nest architecture as propolis. We review research on the constitutive benefits of propolis on the honey bee immune system, and its known therapeutic, colony-level effects against the pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Ascosphaera apis. We also review the limited research on the effects of propolis against other pathogens, parasites and pests (Nosema, viruses, Varroa destructor, and hive beetles) and how propolis may enhance bee products such as royal jelly and honey. Although propolis may be a source of pesticide contamination, it also has the potential to be a detoxifying agent or primer of detoxification pathways, as well as increasing bee longevity via antioxidant-related pathways. Throughout this paper, we discuss opportunities for future research goals and present ways in which the beekeeping community can promote propolis use in standard colonies, as one way to improve and maintain colony health and resiliency.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5492060/

STANDARDIZING THE ANALYSIS OF PHENOLIC PROFILE IN PROPOLIS

Isabel Escriche Marisol Juan-Borrás

Abstract:

The analysis of propolis is controversial, hampering the comparison of its biological properties and estimation of its commercial value. This work evaluates the effectiveness of combining maceration and ultrasonication extraction techniques on the yield, total phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteau) and the specific phenolic compounds (HPLC-UV), on propolis from different origins. The extraction method was not significant in any case; therefore ultrasonication is recommended (time-saving) but only when a double extraction is performed. Propolis yield varies significantly between samples, as it includes impurities, consequently the results should be expressed considering the yield (as balsam) instead of raw propolis. Of the 13 quantified phenolic compounds, CAPE and pinocembrin (803 and 701 mg/g balsam) stand out. The phenolic profile of a propolis must be fixed using both total phenol content (with a consensus reference compound) and the specific phenolic compounds, since the latter provides information about compounds that can play a significant antioxidant role.

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996918300632